bias
2024-07-06 20:08
Meaning
n.
- [mass noun] prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, especially in a way considered to be unfair 偏袒; 偏见
- [in sing.] a concentration on or interest in one particular area or subject（对某领域或学科的）偏好, 兴趣
- a systematic distortion of a statistical result due to a factor not allowed for in its derivation（统计）偏差, 偏倚, 偏性
- [U, sing.] the bias of a piece of cloth is an edge cut diagonally across the threads 斜纹
v.
- （一般作be biased）cause to feel or show prejudice for or against someone or something 使有偏心, 使有偏见
- ~ sth to have an effect on the results of research or an experiment so that they do not show the real situation 影响（研究或实验结果）以致产生偏差
Root
词根"bi-"用来表示有两个方面或观点的倾向（有两方面才会有偏向）
Relational words
stereotype, prejudice,bias, belief, attitude, discrimination
belief/prejudice/attitude
● Belief 信心；信念
the feeling that something is definitely true or definitely exists
● Prejudice尤指基于种族、性别、宗教等的〕偏见，成见，歧视）或者态度
an un-reasonable dislike, and distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc – used to show disapproval
● Attitude 〔尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般〕看法，态度
the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behavior
stereotype/prejudice
以gender stereotype与gender prejudice为例
- stereotype是对一群人的概括，或者过度概括，可以是正面或者是负面的，也可以是准确或者不准确的”，刻板印象更偏向是一种信念（belief），并不是偏见（prejudice, ）或者态度（attitude）。
- 性别刻板印象是对某个性别的整体认识，而性别偏见是对某个性别片面的认识和态度。举例如下：
性别刻板印象：男生一般比女生高；
性别偏见：刘雯是个女生，怎么能可能比男生还高；
discrimination
- the practice of treating sb or a particular group in society less fairly than others 区别对待；歧视；偏袒 (一种行为，而不是偏向，信念或想法）
prejudice/bias
meaning
- bias the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment 偏心，出于个人的好恶而产生的偏袒或偏见，不算歧视，比如:
- The boss was accused of bias towards employees over 50(老板被职责对超过50岁的员工怀有偏见)。 2)The art collector has a bias in favor of Monet.(这位艺术家偏爱莫奈)
- prejudice an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge 一种毫无道理的恶意偏见，某种情况下可以表示discrimination(歧视)，比如:
racial/sexual prejudice(种族、性别歧视)。
褒贬含义
- Bias can be positive or negative. ^be8f22
- Prejudice mostly involves having negative attitudes towards another party.
后果
Bias results in unfairness. 不公平
Prejudice often results in discrimination. 歧视
总结
总而言之，很多情况下两者能替换使用，但表示歧义时的 prejudice不能用bias 替换。
Examples
- accusations of political bias in news programmes (= that reports are unfair and show favour to one political party) 对新闻报道中政治偏袒的指责
- The course has a strong practical bias. 这个课程偏重实用。
- The skirt is cut on the bias. 这条裙子是斜裁的。
- The newspapers have biased people against her. 报章使人们对她产生了偏见。
- The experiment contained an error which could bias the results. 这项实验有一个错误，可能导致结果出现偏差。
内容综合自网络，如有侵权，请私信（开学初恰好做过相关的笔记）